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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q9LQT8


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name GAI_ARATH
Primary accession number Q9LQT8
Secondary accession numbers O23643 O23724
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on November 22, 2005
Sequence was last modified on October 1, 2000 (Sequence version 1)
Annotations were last modified on    December 16, 2008 (Entry version 42)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name DELLA protein GAI
Synonyms Gibberellic acid-insensitive mutant protein
Restoration of growth on ammonia protein 2
GRAS family protein 3
AtGRAS-3
Gene name
Name: GAI
Synonyms: RGA2
OrderedLocusNames: At1g14920
ORFNames: F10B6.34
From
Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [TaxID: 3702] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; eudicotyledons; core eudicotyledons; rosids; eurosids II; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Arabidopsis.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
DOI=10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00590-5; PubMed=9237632 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Truong H.-N., Caboche M., Daniel-Vedele F.;
"Sequence and characterization of two Arabidopsis thaliana cDNAs isolated by functional complementation of a yeast gln3 gdh1 mutant.";
FEBS Lett. 410:213-218(1997).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF 28-ASP--ALA-44.
STRAIN=cv. Landsberg erecta;
PubMed=9389651 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Peng J., Carol P., Richards D.E., King K.E., Cowling R.J., Murphy G.P., Harberd N.P.;
"The Arabidopsis GAI gene defines a signaling pathway that negatively regulates gibberellin responses.";
Genes Dev. 11:3194-3205(1997).
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
DOI=10.1038/35048500; PubMed=11130712 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O., Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E., Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K., Conn L., Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P., Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D., Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J., Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L., Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A., Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A., Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M., Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M., Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P., Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D., Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D., Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W.;
"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
Nature 408:816-820(2000).
[4]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
DOI=10.1126/science.1088305; PubMed=14593172 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R.;
"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome.";
Science 302:842-846(2003).
[5]
TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
DOI=10.1105/tpc.10.2.155; PubMed=9490740 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Silverstone A.L., Ciampaglio C.N., Sun T.-P.;
"The Arabidopsis RGA gene encodes a transcriptional regulator repressing the gibberellin signal transduction pathway.";
Plant Cell 10:155-169(1998).
[6]
FUNCTION.
PubMed=11606551 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
King K.E., Moritz T., Harberd N.P.;
"Gibberellins are not required for normal stem growth in Arabidopsis thaliana in the absence of GAI and RGA.";
Genetics 159:767-776(2001).
[7]
FUNCTION.
PubMed=11606552 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Dill A., Sun T.-P.;
"Synergistic derepression of gibberellin signaling by removing RGA and GAI function in Arabidopsis thaliana.";
Genetics 159:777-785(2001).
[8]
FUNCTION.
DOI=10.1105/tpc.13.8.1791; PubMed=11487693 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Fu X., Sudhakar D., Peng J., Richards D.E., Christou P., Harberd N.P.;
"Expression of Arabidopsis GAI in transgenic rice represses multiple gibberellin responses.";
Plant Cell 13:1791-1802(2001).
[9]
TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
DOI=10.1101/gad.969002; PubMed=11877383 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Lee S., Cheng H., King K.E., Wang W., He Y., Hussain A., Lo J., Harberd N.P., Peng J.;
"Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis seed germination via RGL2, a GAI/RGA-like gene whose expression is up-regulated following imbibition.";
Genes Dev. 16:646-658(2002).
[10]
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, LACK OF DEGRADATION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF 135-LYS--LYS-138 AND 219-ARG--ARG-223.
PubMed=12492836 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Fleck B., Harberd N.P.;
"Evidence that the Arabidopsis nuclear gibberellin signalling protein GAI is not destabilised by gibberellin.";
Plant J. 32:935-947(2002).
[11]
FUNCTION.
DOI=10.1242/dev.00992; PubMed=14973286 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Cheng H., Qin L., Lee S., Fu X., Richards D.E., Cao D., Luo D., Harberd N.P., Peng J.;
"Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis floral development via suppression of DELLA protein function.";
Development 131:1055-1064(2004).
[12]
INTERACTION WITH GID2.
DOI=10.1105/tpc.020958; PubMed=15155881 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Dill A., Thomas S.G., Hu J., Steber C.M., Sun T.-P.;
"The Arabidopsis F-box protein SLEEPY1 targets gibberellin signaling repressors for gibberellin-induced degradation.";
Plant Cell 16:1392-1405(2004).
[13]
INTERACTION WITH GID2.
DOI=10.1105/tpc.021386; PubMed=15161962 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Fu X., Richards D.E., Fleck B., Xie D., Burton N., Harberd N.P.;
"The Arabidopsis mutant sleepy1gar2-1 protein promotes plant growth by increasing the affinity of the SCFSLY1 E3 ubiquitin ligase for DELLA protein substrates.";
Plant Cell 16:1406-1418(2004).
[14]
INTERACTION WITH GID2.
DOI=10.1104/pp.104.039578; PubMed=15173565 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Tyler L., Thomas S.G., Hu J., Dill A., Alonso J.M., Ecker J.R., Sun T.-P.;
"Della proteins and gibberellin-regulated seed germination and floral development in Arabidopsis.";
Plant Physiol. 135:1008-1019(2004).
[15]
FUNCTION.
DOI=10.1073/pnas.0402377101; PubMed=15128937 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Yu H., Ito T., Zhao Y., Peng J., Kumar P., Meyerowitz E.M.;
"Floral homeotic genes are targets of gibberellin signaling in flower development.";
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:7827-7832(2004).
[16]
FUNCTION.
DOI=10.1007/s00425-005-0057-3; PubMed=16034591 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Cao D., Hussain A., Cheng H., Peng J.;
"Loss of function of four DELLA genes leads to light- and gibberellin-independent seed germination in Arabidopsis.";
Planta 223:105-113(2005).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene.
  • SUBUNIT: Interacts directly with the GID2/SLY1 component of the SCF(GID2) complex.
  • INTERACTION:
    Q9STX3:GID2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-963606, EBI-619033;
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed in rosette leaves, roots, stems and inflorescences of greenhouse grown.
  • PTM: Phosphorylated (By similarity).
  • PTM: May be ubiquitinated, as suggested by its interaction with GID2. Ubiquitination is however unsure since in contrast to other DELLA proteins, it is not ubiquitinated and degraded upon GA application. Nevertheless, ubiquitination may be triggered by other processes.
  • SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
Y11337; CAA72178.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
Y15193; CAA75492.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AC006917; AAF79228.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AY058194; AAL25607.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AY142002; AAM98266.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
PIR H86282; H86282.
RefSeq NP_172945.1; -.
UniGene At.15032
3D structure databases
ModBase Q9LQT8.
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct Q9LQT8; 4.
Organism-specific databases
GeneFarm 4235; 427.
TAIR At1g14920; -.
Gene expression databases
GermOnline AT1G14920; Arabidopsis thaliana.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0005634; Cellular component: nucleus (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0005515; Molecular function: protein binding (inferred from physical interaction from IntAct).
GO:0003700; Molecular function: transcription factor activity (traceable author statement from TAIR).
GO:0042538; Biological process: hyperosmotic salinity response (inferred from genetic interaction from TAIR).
GO:0009867; Biological process: jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway (inferred from genetic interaction from TAIR).
GO:0009938; Biological process: negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling (inferred from mutant phenotype from TAIR).
GO:0010187; Biological process: negative regulation of seed germination (inferred from genetic interaction from TAIR).
GO:0010233; Biological process: phloem transport (inferred from mutant phenotype from TAIR).
GO:0006808; Biological process: regulation of nitrogen utilization (inferred from mutant phenotype from TAIR).
GO:0080010; Biological process: regulation of oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process (inferred from genetic interaction from TAIR).
GO:0006355; Biological process: regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-KW).
GO:0009737; Biological process: response to abscisic acid stimulus (inferred from genetic interaction from TAIR).
GO:0009723; Biological process: response to ethylene stimulus (inferred from genetic interaction from TAIR).
GO:0010218; Biological process: response to far red light (inferred from expression pattern from TAIR).
GO:0009863; Biological process: salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway (inferred from genetic interaction from TAIR).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR005202; GRAS.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Pfam PF03514; GRAS; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
PROSITE PS50985; GRAS; 1.
PROSITE graphical view of domain structure (profiles).
Genome annotation databases
GeneID 838057; -.
GenomeReviews CT485782_GR; AT1G14920.
KEGG ath:AT1G14920; -.
NMPDR fig|3702.1.peg.1787; -.
Other
ProtoNet Q9LQT8.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
Complete proteome; Developmental protein; Gibberellin signaling pathway; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Repressor; Transcription; Transcription regulation; Ubl conjugation.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer FT aligner logo Feature aligner
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
CHAIN   1   533  533     DELLA protein GAI. PRO_0000132235
MOTIF   28    32  5     DELLA motif. 
MOTIF   271   275  5     VHIID. 
MOTIF   371   375  5     LXXLL motif. 
MUTAGEN   28    44        Missing: In gai; causes a dwarf phenotype. 
MUTAGEN   135   138        Missing: Does not affect nuclear localization. 
MUTAGEN   219   223        Missing: Does not affect nuclear localization. 
CONFLICT   10    10        Missing (in Ref. 1; CAA72178 and 2; CAA75492). 
CONFLICT   208   208        K -> Q (in Ref. 1; CAA72178). 
Sequence information
Length: 533 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 58927 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: 6464B8C129D79528 [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MKRDHHHHHH QDKKTMMMNE EDDGNGMDEL LAVLGYKVRS SEMADVAQKL EQLEVMMSNV 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
QEDDLSQLAT ETVHYNPAEL YTWLDSMLTD LNPPSSNAEY DLKAIPGDAI LNQFAIDSAS 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
SSNQGGGGDT YTTNKRLKCS NGVVETTTAT AESTRHVVLV DSQENGVRLV HALLACAEAV 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
QKENLTVAEA LVKQIGFLAV SQIGAMRKVA TYFAEALARR IYRLSPSQSP IDHSLSDTLQ 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
MHFYETCPYL KFAHFTANQA ILEAFQGKKR VHVIDFSMSQ GLQWPALMQA LALRPGGPPV 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
FRLTGIGPPA PDNFDYLHEV GCKLAHLAEA IHVEFEYRGF VANTLADLDA SMLELRPSEI 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
ESVAVNSVFE LHKLLGRPGA IDKVLGVVNQ IKPEIFTVVE QESNHNSPIF LDRFTESLHY 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
YSTLFDSLEG VPSGQDKVMS EVYLGKQICN VVACDGPDRV ERHETLSQWR NRFGSAGFAA 

       490        500        510        520        530 
AHIGSNAFKQ ASMLLALFNG GEGYRVEESD GCLMLGWHTR PLIATSAWKL STN 

Q9LQT8 in FASTA format

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