Species code:	THEPD
Taxonomy:	Archaea; Crenarchaeota; Thermoprotei; Thermoproteales; Thermofilaceae; Thermofilum (TaxID: 368408) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Thermofilum pendens (strain Hrk5) is a a sulfur-dependent, anaerobic heterotroph archaea. It forms long thin filaments and may have an unusual mode of reproduction in which spherical bulges form at one end of the cell. It is an extracellular commensal, requiring an extract of Thermoproteus tenax for growth, and the genome sequence reveals that biosynthetic pathways for purines, most amino acids, and most cofactors are absent. Besides the lack of biosynthesis, several nutrient transporters that are not found in any other crenarchaeote are present in T. pendens. It appears that T. pendens has adapted to life in an environment rich in nutrients and grows mainly by peptide fermentation. It was known previously to utilize peptides as an energy source, but the genome revealed a substantial ability to grow on carbohydrates. T. pendens may obtain energy from sulfur reduction with hydrogen and formate as electron donors. It may also be capable of sulfur-independent growth on formate with formate hydrogen lyase.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: No Interaction: Archaeal commensal Number of membranes: 1 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of THEPD entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 1876 (67 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 1809 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000505 (circular; 1,781,889 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pTPEN01 EMBL accession number CP000506 (circular; 31,504 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=18263724; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Anderson I., Rodriguez J., Susanti D., Porat I., Reich C., Ulrich L.E., Elkins J.G., Mavromatis K., Lykidis A., Kim E., Thompson L.S., Nolan M., Land M., Copeland A., Lapidus A., Lucas S., Detter C., Zhulin I.B., Olsen G.J., Whitman W., Mukhopadhyay B., Bristow J., Kyrpides N. ; "Genome sequence of Thermofilum pendens reveals an exceptional loss of biosynthetic pathways without genome reduction."; J. Bacteriol. 190:2957-2965(2008).
Web links:	Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=txid368408%5Borgn%5D GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Tpen_HRK5 PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=analysis&Db=p3_p16331_The_pende  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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