Species code:	ECO57
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia (TaxID: 83334) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative straight rod, which either uses peritrichous flagella for mobility or is nonmotile. It is a facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism. E.coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful bacterial species and by synthesising appreciable amounts of vitamins. It is an important component of the biosphere. It colonizes the lower gut of animals and survives when released to the natural environment, allowing widespread dissemination to new hosts. Pathogenic E.coli strains are responsible for infection of the enteric, urinary, pulmonary and nervous systems. E.coli O157:H7 is a enterohemorrhagic strain producing large quantities of one or more related, potent toxins that cause severe damage to the lining of intestine. These toxins are closely related to the toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae. The acute disease caused by the bacterium is called hemorrhagic colitis and is characterized by severe cramping and diarrhea. Undercooked or raw hamburger has been implicated in nearly all documented outbreaks and in other sporadic cases. Raw milk was the vehicle in a school outbreak in Canada.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: Animal pathogen in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of ECO57 entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 5272 (1972 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3300 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number AE005174 (circular; 5,528,445 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pO157 EMBL accession number AF074613 (circular; 92,077 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] MEDLINE=21074935; PubMed=11206551; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Perna N.T., Plunkett G. III, Burland V., Mau B., Glasner J.D., Rose D.J., Mayhew G.F., Evans P.S., Gregor J., Kirkpatrick H.A., Posfai G., Hackett J., Klink S., Boutin A., Shao Y., Miller L., Grotbeck E.J., Davis N.W., Lim A., Dimalanta E.T., Potamousis K., Apodaca J., Anantharaman T.S., Lin J., Yen G., Schwartz D.C., Welch R.A., Blattner F.R. ; "Genome sequence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7."; Nature 409:529-533(2001). [2] MEDLINE=98391744; PubMed=9722640; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Burland V., Shao Y., Perna N.T., Plunkett G. III, Sofia H.J., Blattner F.R. ; "The complete DNA sequence and analysis of the large virulence plasmid of Escherichia coli O157:H7."; Nucleic Acids Res. 26:4196-4204(1998).
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://www.genome.wisc.edu/ Other web sites: CBS: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/GenomeAtlas/show-genus.php?kingdom=Bacteria&GLgenus=Escherichia&GLspecies=coli&GLstrain=O157_EDL93 EcoO157Cyc: http://biocyc.org/ECOO157/organism-summary?object=ECOO157 Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=259 ERIC: http://www.ericbrc.org/portal/eric/ecoliehecedl933 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Ecol_O157H_EDL933 Karyn's Genomes: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria/Escherichia_coli.html PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=start_method&Db=p3_p259_Esc_coli TIGR CMR: http://cmr.tigr.org/tigr-scripts/CMR/GenomePage.cgi?database=ntec02  EBI Proteome Analysis page

Genome structure:	• Chromosome EMBL accession number BA000007 (circular; 5,498,450 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pO157 EMBL accession number AB011549 (circular; 92,721 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid pOSAK1 EMBL accession number AB011548 (circular; 3,306 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] MEDLINE=21156231; PubMed=11258796; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Hayashi T., Makino K., Ohnishi M., Kurokawa K., Ishii K., Yokoyama K., Han C.-G., Ohtsubo E., Nakayama K., Murata T., Tanaka M., Tobe T., Iida T., Takami H., Honda T., Sasakawa C., Ogasawara N., Yasunaga T., Kuhara S., Shiba T., Hattori M., Shinagawa H. ; "Complete genome sequence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and genomic comparison with a laboratory strain K-12."; DNA Res. 8:11-22(2001). [2] MEDLINE=98290540; PubMed=9628576; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Makino K., Ishii K., Yasunaga T., Hattori M., Yokoyama K., Yatsudo H.C., Kubota Y., Yamaichi Y., Iida T., Yamamoto K., Honda T., Han C.G., Ohtsubo A., Kasamatsu M., Hayashi T., Kuhara S., Shinagawa H. ; "Complete nucleotide sequences of 93-kb and 3.3-kb plasmids of an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 derived from Sakai outbreak."; DNA Res. 5:1-9(1998).
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://genome.gen-info.osaka-u.ac.jp/bacteria/o157/ Other web sites: CBS: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/GenomeAtlas/show-genus.php?kingdom=Bacteria&GLgenus=Escherichia&GLspecies=coli&GLstrain=O157_RIMD0509952 Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=226 ERIC: http://www.ericbrc.org/portal/eric/ecoliehecsakai GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Ecol_O157H_RIMD0509952 Karyn's Genomes: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria/Escherichia_coli.html PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=start_method&Db=p3_p226_Esc_coli TIGR CMR: http://cmr.tigr.org/tigr-scripts/CMR/GenomePage.cgi?database=ntec03  EBI Proteome Analysis page

• Genome Proximity Viewer: This program displays the genes that are found in the genomic environment of a selected locus.
  
  
• Perform a BLAST search against all proteins from this proteome
  
  
• Download a file by FTP containing all UniProt Knowledgebase entries of this proteome
  • in UniProt Knowledgebase format
  • in FASTA format
  
  
• Retrieve set of characterized or identified proteins for this proteome
  
  
• Retrieve set of proteins with 3D structure for this proteome