Species code:	BACP2
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Firmicutes; Bacillales; Bacillaceae; Bacillus (TaxID: 315750) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Bacillus pumilus is a ubiquitous Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped endospore-forming bacterium that can be isolated from a wide variety of soils, plants and environmental surfaces and even from the interior of Sonoran desert basalt. B. pumilus spores and vegetative cells show a resistance to UV radiation and H2O2 that is significantly higher than that of other Bacillus species. Isolates of B. pumilus were also recently recovered aboard the International Space Station from hardware surfaces and air particles. It is likely that these isolates were present in spacecraft assembly facilities as metabolically dormant spores. They were found in both unclassified (entrance floors, ante-room, and air-lock) and classified (floors, cabinet tops, and air) locations. As H2O2 is recommended for use in bioreduction of spacecraft components, repeated isolation of H2O2-resistant strains of this species in a clean-room is a concern because their persistence might potentially compromise life-detection missions, which have very strict cleanliness and sterility requirements for spacecraft hardware. Spore-forming microbes recovered from spacecraft surfaces and assembly facilities were exposed to simulated Mars UV irradiation. The effects of UVA (315-400 nm), UVA+B (280-400 nm) and full spectrum (200-400 nm), at intensities expected to strike Mars, on the survival of microorganisms showed that spores of Bacillus species isolated from spacecraft associated surfaces were more resistant than a standard dosimetric strain, B. subtilis 168. Among all Bacillus species tested, spores of Bacillus pumilus (strain SAFR-032) showed the highest resistance to all three UV bandwidths as well as the total spectrum. Paradoxically, B. pumilus lacks several DNA repair and oxidative stress response genes found in B. subtilis and B. licheniformis.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: No Number of membranes: 1 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of BACP2 entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 3675 (358 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 3317 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure:	Chromosome EMBL accession number CP000813 (circular; 3,704,465 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
Reference(s):	[1] PubMed=17895969; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Gioia J., Yerrapragada S., Qin X., Jiang H., Igboeli O.C., Muzny D., Dugan-Rocha S., Ding Y., Hawes A., Liu W., Perez L., Kovar C., Dinh H., Lee S., Nazareth L., Blyth P., Holder M., Buhay C., Tirumalai M.R., Liu Y., Dasgupta I., Bokhetache L., Fujita M., Karouia F., Eswara Moorthy P., Siefert J., Uzman A., Buzumbo P., Verma A., Zwiya H., McWilliams B.D., Olowu A., Clinkenbeard K.D., Newcombe D., Golebiewski L., Petrosino J.F., Nicholson W.L., Fox G.E., Venkateswaran K., Highlander S.K., Weinstock G.M. ; "Paradoxical DNA repair and peroxide resistance gene conservation in Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032."; PLoS ONE 2:E928-E928(2007).
Web links:	Official genome site(s): http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/projects/microbial/microbial-detail.xsp?project_id=119 Other web sites: Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=20391 GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Bpum_SAFR032  EBI Proteome Analysis page

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